This is a collection of essays by leading scholars examining the period of transition between Persian and Greek rule of Judah, ca. 400–200 BCE. Authors explore the archaeology of Maresha/Marisa, Jewish identity, Hellenization/Hellenism, Ptolemaic administration in Judah, biblical and Jewish literature of the early Greek period, the size and status of Jerusalem, the Samaritans in the transition period, and Greek foundations in Palestine. Judah between East and West offers cutting-edge work for a readership of scholars, teachers, postgraduate students and advanced undergraduates in the field of second temple studies. All the many and diverse aspects of second temple study are represented and promoted, including innovative work from historical perspectives, studies using social-scientific and literary theory, and developing theological, cultural, and contextual approaches.