The Waldensians (also known as the Waldenses or Vaudois) are a sect of Christians from the Piedmont Valley whose origins are still debated. Some believe they formed in the Middle Ages, following a street merchant and preacher named Peter Waldo around the year 1170. Others claim that Waldensian church history can be traced back to the Apostles. What is known for sure is that their religious practices and beliefs preceded, and mirrored, those of the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. But at the heart of Waldensian history is the story of their survival through centuries of persecution and martyrdom.