Scottish judge Adam Gifford believed that the active knowledge of God engenders humanity’s well-being. Thus, in his 1885 will, he bequeathed funds to four Scottish universities—Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow, and St. Andrews—for the establishment of a lecture series dealing with the topic of natural theology. For over a century, the Gifford Lecture Series has featured the most prestigious theologians, ethicists, philosophers, and scientists, presenting premier research and insightful perspectives on the value of natural theology. Philosopher Jacques Barzun described the Gifford Lectures as “the highest honor in a philosopher’s career.”

George Berkeley and his philosophy of subjective idealism had a great impact on the beginning of British Empiricism. He had a profound influence on David Hume, Immanuel Kant, and many others.

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