Encyclopedia Britannica calls Aristotle “the first genuine scientist in history.” Departing from the tradition of inquiry established by Plato and Socrates before him, Aristotle left the forms and ideals of his teacher, shifting his gaze to what he could touch, taste, and see. Aristotle contributed to nearly every field—from psychology to zoology—prompting Philosopher Bryan Magee to doubt “whether any human being has ever known as much as he did.” His influence—both positive and negative—has been, according to Bertrand Russell, so great that “almost every serious intellectual advance has had to begin with an attack on some Aristotelian doctrine.”
These surveys from leading nineteenth- and twentieth-century classicists introduce the great student of experience. They detail his systems of ethics and logic; explore the dominating impact of his work; and boldly critique his thought, and the sometimes unreserved veneration it received for centuries. Understanding Aristotle is...