Study the Bible’s literary background and original languages with ancient writings and primary texts from the Ancient Near East and Early Church. Explore Christianity’s roots, dig into ancient history, and study the Bible’s cultural context with extensive works by key writers from ancient times.

Study the Bible’s literary background and original languages with ancient writings and primary texts from the Ancient Near East and Early Church. Explore Christianity’s roots, dig into ancient history, and study the Bible’s cultural context with extensive works by key writers from ancient times.

Study the Bible’s literary background and original languages with ancient writings and primary texts from the Ancient Near East and Early Church. Explore Christianity’s roots, dig into ancient history, and study the Bible’s cultural context with extensive works by key writers from ancient times.

Get commentaries, manuscripts, modern editions, and ancient versions all in one place. Thousands of variants exist within the Bible—from word choice to spelling differences to omissions, the Textual Variants Tool lets you quickly explore the textual differences across ancient Bible translations. With the Textual Variants Feature Expansion, L you'll have more of these resources to enhance your study of the Bible. The Textual Variants Tool gives everything you need for textual-variant study, all in one place: see overviews of textual variants with textual commentaries, compare primary texts with modern Bible editions, study original manuscripts, and view scanned photos of original Bible texts. This collection includes everything in the Textual Variants Feature Expansion, M as well more than thirty additional resources to help expand your studies.

The theology of the New Testament is indebted to—and a reflection of—major Old Testament themes, images, and language, because the New Testament authors wrote in the context of the Old Testament and the rich Jewish tradition of the study and interpretation of Scripture.