Digital Logos Edition
The prospect of eternal punishment represents an insurmountable obstacle for many. Christianity is often rejected outright for its doctrine of hell, and even believers occasionally hold skeptical views. This volume was prepared to address this difficult doctrine for those both inside and outside the church.
In The Doctrine of Endless Punishment, Shedd makes a rational case and a biblical case for the doctrine, along with a historical sketch. He surveys the depiction of hell in the Bible, along with the technical terms use. He grounds the doctrine of endless punishment not in history, the Bible, or the church, but in the decrees of God.
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“The principal deviation from the catholic doctrine of endless retribution was in the Alexandrine school, founded by Clement and Origen. The position taken by them was, that ‘the punishments of the condemned are not eternal, but only remedial; the devil himself being capable of amelioration’ (Gieseler. I. 214). Thus early was the question raised, whether the suffering to which Christ sentences the wicked is for the purpose of correcting and educating the transgressor, or of vindicating and satisfying the law he has broken—a question which is the key to the whole controversy.” (Pages 2–3)
“Eternal perdition is like any other danger. In order to escape danger, one must believe in it. Disbelief of it is sure destruction. To be forewarned, is to be forearmed. They who foresee an evil, prepare for it and avoid it; but ‘the simple pass on and are punished.’ Speaking generally, those who believe that there is a hell, and intelligently fear it, as they are commanded to do by Christ himself, will escape it; and those who deny that there is a hell, and ridicule it, will fall into it.” (Page vi)
“The common opinion in the Ancient church was, that the future punishment of the impenitent wicked is endless.” (Page 1)
“The fall and eternal ruin of an immortal spirit is the most dreadful event conceivable.” (Page v)
“The strongest support of the doctrine of Endless Punishment is the teaching of Christ, the Redeemer of man. Though the doctrine is plainly taught in the Pauline Epistles, and other parts of Scripture, yet without the explicit and reiterated statements of God incarnate, it is doubtful whether so awful a truth would have had such a conspicuous place as it always has had in the creed of Christendom.” (Page 12)
William G. T. Shedd was born in 1820 in Acton, Massachusetts. He attended the University of Vermont, where he studied under James Marsh and encountered the writings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He graduated in 1839 and entered Andover Theological Seminary, where he studied under Leonard Woods. At Andover, he became committed to Calvinism in general and Presbyterianism in particular. Upon graduating in 1843, he became a minister at the congregational church in Brandon, Vermont for two years. He taught at the University of Vermont from 1845 to 1852, at Auburn Theological Seminary from 1852 to 1854, and at Andover Theological Seminary from 1854 to 1862. He began teaching at Union Theological Seminary in 1864, where he remained until his death in 1894. While at Union, he defended the Reformed theology of Old School Presbyterianism against the increasing influence of modernism and higher criticism.
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